RBL may refer to:

• RBL Bank, an Indian bank
• RBL cells, cells used in the study of allergy
• RBL Posse, a hip hop group from San Francisco, California
• RB Leipzig, a German football club
• Real-time Blackhole List or DNSBL, a list of IP addresses most often used to publish addresses linked to spamming
• Reasonable benefit limits, a limit on Australian retirement benefits
• Research Bureau Limited, the former name of Research International
• Rifled breech loader, a type of artillery
• Rogers Broadcasting Limited, a Canadian broadcasting company owned and operated by Rogers Communications
• The Royal British Legion, a British charity
• Rubber band ligation, an outpatient treatment for internal hemorrhoids
• Miraya Bikol (ISO 639 code: rbl), a variety of the Albay Bikol language
• Red Bluff Municipal Airport (FAA LID: RBL), an airport in California, United States
• "Rbl", an abbreviation for the Belarusian ruble